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Density:
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The amount of silver
deposited as the result of exposure and development of the light
sensitive emulsion of the film.
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Dense:
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(Too Dense) A
negative or an area of the negative is which a large amount of
silver has been deposited. A dense negative transmits relatively
little light. Excessive density (too dense) results from
overexposure of the negative. The opposite: Thin.
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Normal:
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Describes a negative
with a wide density range resulting from correct exposure and proper
development. There will be detail in the shadows and some density in
the highlight areas.
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Thin:
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(Too Thin) A
negative or an area of a negative where relatively little silver has
been deposited. A thin negative transmits a large amount of light. A
(too) thin negative results from underexposure. The opposite: Dense.
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Fog:
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An overall density
(a gray cast) in the image caused by either unintentional exposure
to light (i.e. removing the lid from developing tank at the wrong
time, light leaks, etc.) or unwanted chemical activity.
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Highlights:
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Areas representing
the bright parts of a scene. There is a large amount of silver
deposited, creating dense areas on the negative. Also referred to as
high density or "whites".
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Shadows:
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Areas representing
the least illuminated parts of a scene. There is a small amount of
silver deposited, creating thin, transparent areas on the negative.
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Contrast:
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The difference in
density or apparent brightness between tonal areas of a negative.
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Contrasty:
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(High Contrast)
Describes a negative with extreme differences in density. A high
contrast negative has dense highlights and thin shadows and not
enough middle tones.
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Flat:
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(Low Contrast)
Describes a negative with minimal differences in density. A low
contrast negative has primarily middle tones with no clearly defined
highlights and shadows.
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ISO (ASA):
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A numerical rating
system that describes the sensitivity of a film to light. Also
referred to as film speed. ISO/ASA is denoted by a number. (ISO:
International Standards Organization, ASA: American Standards
Association).
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Exposure
Index (E.I.):
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A self imposed film
speed setting determined by making tests of one’s equipment, film,
and developing technique. May or may not agree with film
manufacturer’s recommended ratings.
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Exposure
Latitude: |
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The ability of the
film to record a range of subject brightness. |